Trevor James
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a contagious virus and a common cause of respiratory illness. RSV can cause severe illness or death, particularly in children under 2 years, adults over 65, and people with compromised immune systems. Currently, there are three RSV vaccines available for adults aged 60 and older: GSK's Arexvy, Moderna's mResvia, and Pfizer's Abrysvo. RSV vaccines are also available for younger adults with certain medical conditions that put them at increased risk of severe RSV disease.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Name of the vaccine | Arexvy, mResvia, ABRYSVO® |
| Manufacturer | GSK, Moderna, Pfizer |
| Age group | 50 and above |
| Administration | Intramuscularly in the deltoid region of the upper arm |
| Number of doses | 1 |
| Coadministration with other vaccines | May increase reactogenicity and lower antibody titers |
| Storage | Refrigerated between 2°C and 8°C |
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What You'll Learn
The RSV vaccine is not an annual vaccine
The RSV vaccine is not currently an annual vaccine, meaning eligible adults do not need to get a dose every RSV season. The CDC recommends only a single dose of an age-appropriate RSV vaccine for all adults aged 75 and older and for adults aged 50–74 with an increased risk of severe RSV disease.
RSV stands for respiratory syncytial virus, a contagious virus and a common cause of respiratory illness. It can affect the lungs and breathing passages of an infected individual, potentially causing severe illness or even death. The virus has two major subgroups, RSV-A and RSV-B, which can cause disease and may co-circulate or alternate predominance from season to season. RSV usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms in most people, but it is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the US. In children under 2 years, adults over 65, and people with compromised immune systems, RSV can cause severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia, potentially requiring hospitalization.
Currently, three RSV vaccines are available for adults aged 60 and older: GSK's Arexvy, Moderna's mResvia, and Pfizer's Abrysvo. Eligible older adults may receive any of the licensed RSV vaccines. Eligible adults can get an RSV vaccine at any time, but the best time to vaccinate is in late summer and early fall before RSV usually starts to spread in the community.
Pfizer's Abrysvo is a recombinant RSV F protein antigen based on both the RSV-A and RSV-B subtypes. It is supplied as a single-dose vial of 120 μg of lyophilized preF antigen component (60 μg from RSV-A and 60 μg from RSV-B) to be reconstituted with sterile water. Moderna's mResvia consists of a single 0.5 mL-dose vial containing 50 μg of nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding the RSV F glycoprotein, stabilized in the prefusion conformation.
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Pfizer's Abrysvo is the only vaccine given during weeks 32-36 of pregnancy to prevent RSV in babies
Pfizer's Abrysvo is the only vaccine available to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in babies. It is administered to pregnant women during weeks 32–36 of pregnancy. The vaccine is designed to provide broad protection against RSV-LRTD, regardless of the virus subgroup. RSV is a contagious virus and a common cause of respiratory illness. The virus can affect the lungs and breathing passages of an infected individual, potentially causing severe illness or death.
Abrysvo is an unadjuvanted, bivalent vaccine. In the prefusion state, the RSV fusion protein (F) is a major target of neutralizing antibodies, forming the basis of Pfizer's RSV vaccine. Variations in the F protein sequence among RSV-A and RSV-B subgroups are clustered in a key antigenic site, a target for potent neutralizing antibodies.
In August 2023, the FDA approved Abrysvo for the prevention of LRTD and severe LRTD caused by RSV in infants from birth up to 6 months of age. The approval was based on data from a pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial in adults at increased risk of lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV. The trial found that the vaccine reduced the risk of the baby being hospitalized for RSV by 68% and the risk of a healthcare visit for RSV by 57% within 3 months after birth.
Pfizer's Abrysvo is the only RSV vaccine recommended for pregnant women. GSK's Arexvy and Moderna's mResvia are not approved for use during pregnancy. The CDC recommends that pregnant women receive a single dose of the vaccine during weeks 32–36 of pregnancy, typically between September and January.
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GSK's Arexvy is another vaccine for adults 50-59 years old
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a contagious virus that infects the lungs and breathing passages. RSV usually causes mild symptoms, such as a runny nose, cough, and low-grade fever. However, it can cause severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 2, adults over 65, and immunocompromised people. RSV can be life-threatening, especially for those with chronic medical conditions.
GSK's Arexvy is a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for adults aged 50-59 who are at increased risk of RSV-related disease due to certain underlying medical conditions. It is supplied in two vials that must be reconstituted before administration: one containing a lyophilized antigen and the other a liquid diluent adjuvant suspension. Arexvy has been proven effective in a large study of people aged 60 and above, preventing lung and lower airway infections in those with asthma, diabetes, COPD, and chronic heart failure.
Arexvy is the first and only RSV vaccine with efficacy and safety data available for three full seasons. A single dose of Arexvy has shown to be effective in protecting against RSV-related lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in adults aged 60 and older, including those at increased risk. The vaccine has demonstrated an ability to protect against different RSV subtypes and in adults with advancing age (70-79 years).
Arexvy is not currently recommended for co-administration with other vaccines during the same visit, as data on immunogenicity is limited. However, co-administration of Arexvy with seasonal influenza vaccines met non-inferiority criteria for immunogenicity, except for the FluA/Darwin H3N2 strain when co-administered with an adjuvanted quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine.
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Moderna's mResvia is a single 0.5ml dose
MResvia is one of the three RSV vaccines currently available for adults aged 60 and older, along with GSK's Arexvy and Pfizer's Abrysvo. These vaccines are designed to provide active immunization against RSV, helping to prevent lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) caused by the virus. While the RSV vaccine is not currently an annual vaccine, the CDC recommends a single dose for adults aged 75 and older, as well as for those aged 60-74 with an increased risk of severe RSV disease.
Moderna's mResvia consists of a 0.5 mL dose vial containing 50 μg of nucleoside-modified mRNA. This mRNA encodes the RSV F glycoprotein, which is based on the RSV-A subtype. The vaccine is stabilized in the prefusion conformation, also known as the pre-F protein stage. Proper storage and handling of the vaccine are crucial to ensure its efficacy and protect patients from vaccine-preventable diseases.
MResvia is administered intramuscularly, preferably in the deltoid region of the upper arm. It should not be administered intravenously, intradermally, or subcutaneously. While co-administration of RSV vaccines with other adult vaccines during the same visit is acceptable, limited data suggests that it may result in lower antibody titers and potentially increase common side effects such as pain at the injection site, fever, headache, and myalgia.
It is important to note that mResvia should not be administered to individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, to any component of the vaccine. As with all vaccines, it is essential to consult the package insert for proper storage and handling instructions, shelf life, and other relevant information.
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RSV is a contagious respiratory syncytial virus
RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, is a highly contagious virus that causes respiratory illness. It can affect the lungs and breathing passages, and in some cases, it can lead to severe illness or even death. RSV is a common infection that can cause mild cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose, cough, and low-grade fever. However, it can be severe for certain populations, including children under two years old, adults over 65, and individuals with compromised immune systems. In these high-risk groups, RSV can lead to serious complications such as severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia, which may require hospitalization.
The virus has two major subgroups, RSV-A and RSV-B, which can co-circulate and alternate in prevalence from season to season. RSV is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and it can also survive on surfaces for a short period. The virus has an incubation period of 2 to 8 days, and most people infected with RSV will show symptoms within 4 to 6 days.
Currently, there are several vaccines available to prevent RSV infection. These include Pfizer's Abrysvo, which is approved for adults aged 18 to 59 who are at increased risk of lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) caused by RSV. Abrysvo is also indicated for pregnant women between 32 and 36 weeks of gestation to protect their newborns from RSV during the first six months of life. Additionally, GSK's Arexvy is available for adults aged 50 to 59 who are at increased risk of LRTD, and Moderna's mResvia is approved for adults 60 and older. These vaccines are administered intramuscularly, preferably in the deltoid region of the upper arm.
It is important to note that the RSV vaccine is not an annual vaccine, and currently, only a single dose is recommended for adults. However, co-administration with other vaccines during the same visit may increase reactogenicity and common side effects. Healthcare providers should consider the patient's medical history and the availability of other recommended vaccines before deciding on co-administration.
While RSV is a common and highly contagious virus, the development of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies has provided protection and treatment options for high-risk individuals, including infants, young children, and older adults.
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Frequently asked questions
The RSV vaccines for adults 60 years and older are GSK's Arexvy, Moderna's mResvia, and Pfizer's Abrysvo.
The RSV vaccine for adults 18 to 59 years old is Pfizer's Abrysvo.
Pregnant women can receive Pfizer's Abrysvo between 32 and 36 weeks of gestation to protect their newborns.
Newborns who are too young to receive the RSV vaccine can be given Beyfortus (Sanofi/AstraZeneca) or Enflonsia (Merck) for passive immunization against RSV.
