Trevor James
Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap) is a combination vaccine that protects against three potentially fatal diseases: tetanus (lockjaw), diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). The Tdap vaccine is recommended for children aged 10 and above, pregnant women, and adults who work in healthcare or are in close contact with infants. It is important to note that the Tdap vaccine is different from the Td vaccine, which only protects against tetanus and diphtheria and does not include protection against pertussis.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Types of vaccines | Td (Tetanus, Diphtheria), Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis), DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) |
| Who should get the Td vaccine? | Older teens and adults who haven't had a booster with pertussis coverage. |
| Who should get the Tdap vaccine? | Children aged 10 or 11 years old, pregnant women, older teens and adults who haven't gotten the vaccine before, adults who work in healthcare, adults in close contact with a baby younger than one year old |
| Side effects | Fever, mild crankiness, tiredness, loss of appetite, vomiting, pain, redness, swelling, fainting, seizures, high fever, uncontrollable crying, anaphylaxis, vision changes, numbness or tingling in arms, hands or feet, jerky movements of arms and legs |
| Number of shots | Tdap is given as a series of shots, DTaP is given as a series of 5 shots |
| Age | Tdap is for children aged 7 years or older, DTaP is for children aged 2 months to 6 years |
| Alternative names | DT (Tetanus, Diphtheria), Tdap is also called the adolescent booster dose |
| Ingredients | Diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, pertussis antigens, detoxified pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, fimbriae types 2 and 3, aluminum phosphate, residual formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, 2-phenoxyethanol, sodium chloride, neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B, hepatitis B virus surface antigen |
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What You'll Learn
Tdap and DTaP vaccines
Tdap and DTaP are both vaccines that protect against three serious diseases: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). While they sound similar, there are some key differences between the two.
DTaP
DTaP is a vaccine primarily given to infants and young children to build immunity from tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. It is administered in a series of five shots to ensure optimal immunity is achieved. The whole-cell pertussis component in DTaP stimulates a stronger immune response in young children, as their immune systems are still maturing.
DTaP is one of 11 vaccines licensed by the FDA to protect against these diseases. There are seven pediatric DTaP vaccines licensed and currently used in the United States: Daptacel®, Infanrix®, Kinrix®, Pediarix®, Pentacel®, Quadracel®, and Vaxelis™.
Tdap
Tdap is a booster shot given to adolescents and adults to provide additional protection against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. It contains reduced doses of tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis antigens compared to the childhood DTaP vaccine. The purpose of the Tdap booster is to provide additional protection against these diseases, as the immunity acquired from childhood vaccinations can wane over time.
Tdap is recommended for older teens and adults who haven't received a booster with pertussis coverage. It is also recommended for pregnant women, even if they have been vaccinated in the past.
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Side effects of the vaccines
The DTaP and Tdap vaccines are given as a series of shots to protect against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough). Children younger than 7 years old receive DTaP, while older children and adults receive Tdap. Tdap is also recommended for pregnant women in their second or third trimester and for adults in close contact with infants.
The vaccines can cause mild side effects, including fever, crankiness, tiredness, loss of appetite, vomiting, and pain, redness, or swelling in the area where the shot was given. In rare cases, more severe side effects can occur, such as seizures, very high fever, uncontrollable crying, or swelling of the entire arm or leg in older children. As with any vaccine, there is also a small risk of fainting and a very small chance of an allergic reaction.
The CDC recommends that everyone receive vaccinations for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. These diseases are potentially serious bacterial infections that can cause life-threatening illnesses. The vaccines are safe and effective at preventing these diseases, and the risk of experiencing serious side effects from the vaccines is very low.
The specific side effects may vary depending on the brand of vaccine administered. For example, Daptacel®, Infanrix®, Kinrix®, Pediarix®, Pentacel®, Quadracel®, and Vaxelis™ are all pediatric DTaP vaccines licensed for use in the United States, and each has slightly different ingredients and potential side effects. It is important to discuss any concerns or questions about the vaccines with a healthcare professional.
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Who should get the vaccines
Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough) vaccines are available in various combinations. The DTaP vaccine is for children under seven, while the Tdap vaccine is for older children and adults. The Td vaccine, which protects against tetanus and diphtheria but not pertussis, is also available for older children and adults.
In the United States, there are 11 vaccines available that protect against diphtheria and tetanus, nine of which also protect against pertussis. The DTaP vaccine is given as a series of five shots to children under seven. The Tdap vaccine is given as a booster dose to older children and adults, usually every ten years. It is also recommended for pregnant women in the second half of their pregnancy and for people who have recently suffered a deep cut or severe burn.
The DTaP and Tdap vaccines have successfully eliminated diphtheria and tetanus in childhood and significantly reduced the number of pertussis cases. However, it is important to note that these vaccines can cause mild side effects such as fever, crankiness, tiredness, loss of appetite, vomiting, and pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site. In rare cases, more severe reactions such as seizures, high fever, or uncontrollable crying can occur.
While these vaccines are generally safe and effective, some individuals should not receive them. Those who have had severe reactions to previous vaccinations or have a life-threatening allergy to any part of the vaccine should not get vaccinated. Additionally, individuals with seizures, neurological problems, or Guillain-Barre syndrome should consult their healthcare provider before receiving the vaccine.
It is always recommended to speak with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate vaccination regimen and to discuss any concerns or potential contraindications.
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How the vaccines are administered
There are several different combinations of tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccines available. The DTaP vaccine is for children under seven years old and is administered as a series of five shots. The Tdap vaccine is for older children, adolescents, and adults and is also administered as a series of shots. The Tdap vaccine is also recommended for pregnant women, with one dose administered during each pregnancy, preferably during gestational weeks 27 through 36. The Td vaccine, which protects against tetanus and diphtheria but not pertussis, is also available for older children and adults and is usually given as a booster dose every ten years or after five years if an individual sustains a severe or dirty wound or burn.
In the United States, there are seven licensed pediatric DTaP vaccines: Daptacel®, Infanrix®, Kinrix®, Pediarix®, Pentacel®, Quadracel®, and Vaxelis™. Each 0.5-mL dose of these vaccines contains varying amounts of diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis antigens, along with other ingredients such as aluminum phosphate, residual formaldehyde, and sodium chloride.
The Tdap vaccine is also available in combination with poliovirus and hepatitis B virus vaccines. For example, Kinrix® includes the same diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis components as Infanrix® but also contains poliovirus antigens. Similarly, Pediarix® includes the same components as Infanrix® and the poliovirus antigens found in Kinrix®, along with hepatitis B virus surface antigen.
The Td vaccine is available in the United States under the brand names TENIVAC® and TDVAX®. Each 0.5-mL dose of Td contains 2 Lf of tetanus toxoid and 2 Lf of diphtheria toxoid.
It is important to note that these vaccines are administered via intramuscular injection, with the preferred injection site for infants and young children being the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh. Visual inspection of the vaccine for particulate matter and/or discoloration is recommended before administration, and the vial or syringe should be shaken well prior to use. Additionally, each vaccine should be administered using a separate syringe and, if possible, at a different anatomical site.
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What are diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis
Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are all serious infections that can be prevented with vaccines.
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is a serious infection that affects the throat. It can block the airway and cause severe breathing problems. It is a highly contagious disease that spreads from person to person.
Tetanus
Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is an infection that affects the nerves throughout the body, resulting in severe muscle spasms. It enters the body through cuts or wounds in the skin.
Pertussis
Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a respiratory infection that causes cold-like symptoms. It is characterised by severe coughing fits, which can lead to difficulty breathing. The "whooping" sound occurs when a person breathes in deeply after a severe coughing episode. While teens and adults may experience milder symptoms, pertussis can be life-threatening for young children.
To protect against these diseases, different combinations of vaccines are available, including DTaP, Tdap, and Td. DTaP is typically given to children under 7 years old, while Tdap is administered to older children, adolescents, and adults. The Td vaccine only protects against tetanus and diphtheria and is often used as a booster every 10 years or after severe wounds.
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Frequently asked questions
The DTaP vaccine is for children aged 2 months to 7 years, while the Tdap vaccine is a booster shot given at age 11 or 12 and then after every 10 years.
The Tdap vaccine can cause mild side effects such as fever, crankiness, tiredness, loss of appetite, vomiting, and pain, redness, or swelling in the area where the shot was given.
Td is a form of the vaccine that protects against tetanus and diphtheria but not pertussis.
The Tdap vaccine is recommended for children over the age of 7, teens, pregnant women, and adults.
