Madison Clarke
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus. It has two distinct clades: Clade I (with subclades Ia and Ib) and Clade II (with subclades IIa and IIb). The recent outbreak of a more virulent form of Clade I in Central Africa has raised concerns about its potential global spread. Vaccination is a critical tool in preventing the spread of mpox, and the JYNNEOS (also known as MVA-BN) vaccine has been recommended for at-risk groups, including gay and bisexual men. While the JYNNEOS vaccine is primarily associated with protection against Clade II, there are indications that it also provides strong immunity against Clade I. The CDC and WHO have provided recommendations and strategies for immunization, and ongoing studies continue to evaluate the durability of protection offered by the vaccine against different clades.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Mpox vaccine name | JYNNEOS |
| Number of doses | 2 |
| Time between doses | 4 weeks (28 days) |
| Level of protection | 80% |
| Long-term protection | Yes |
| Booster dose | Not required for at least 5 years |
| Protection against clade 1 | Likely |
| Protection against clade 2 | Yes |
| Countries with clade 1 outbreaks | Burundi, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia |
| Countries with clade 2 outbreaks | Liberia, Sierra Leone |
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What You'll Learn
- The JYNNEOS vaccine is expected to protect against clade 1 mpox
- The JYNNEOS vaccine provides partial but strong immunity
- The first dose of JYNNEOS gives some protection against mpox
- Two doses of the JYNNEOS vaccine are recommended for stronger protection
- The JYNNEOS vaccine is approved in the US for mpox regardless of clade
The JYNNEOS vaccine is expected to protect against clade 1 mpox
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus. It has two distinct clades: Clade I (with subclades Ia and Ib) and Clade II (with subclades IIa and IIb). Clade I mpox is more transmissible and causes higher rates of severe disease and death compared to Clade II.
The JYNNEOS vaccine is a two-dose vaccine developed to protect against mpox and smallpox. It is approved in the US for mpox regardless of clade. While the first dose of the JYNNEOS vaccine provides some protection against mpox, two doses are recommended to provide stronger protection. The second dose should be administered four weeks after the first, and it takes two weeks after the second dose for the vaccine to be most effective.
In addition to the JYNNEOS vaccine, other immunization strategies for mpox clades I and Ib include the MVA-BN, LC16-KMB, and OrthopoxVac vaccines. The MVA-BN vaccine has been successful in lowering infection risks, particularly in high-risk individuals, and it is widely used in the USA. The LC16-KMB vaccine is recommended by the World Health Organization for pre- and post-exposure prevention in affected regions. OrthopoxVac, a newer vaccination authorized in Russia, provides broad protection.
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The JYNNEOS vaccine provides partial but strong immunity
Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus. It has two distinct clades: Clade I (with subclades Ia and Ib) and Clade II (with subclades IIa and IIb). The first reported case of mpox in a human was in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 1970. Since then, Clade I has been reported sporadically in central and east Africa, while Clade II has been found in west Africa and some other parts of the world.
In 2022, a global outbreak of Clade IIb began and continues to spread. At the same time, growing outbreaks of Clades Ia and Ib are affecting the DRC and other African countries. As of mid-2024, over 120 countries have reported mpox cases, with over 100,000 laboratory-confirmed infections and more than 220 deaths among those cases.
Vaccination is a critical tool in preventing the spread of mpox and protecting individuals from infection. The JYNNEOS vaccine, also known as MVA-BN, is a two-dose vaccine developed to protect against mpox and smallpox. It is approved in the US for mpox, regardless of clade, and is expected to offer protection against Clade I.
Additionally, a UK study found that the JYNNEOS vaccine was 80% effective after two doses, further supporting the durability of its protection. While the CDC does not recommend routine immunization for the general public, the JYNNEOS vaccine is crucial for at-risk groups, including gay and bisexual men, who are disproportionately affected by mpox.
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The first dose of JYNNEOS gives some protection against mpox
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus. It has two distinct clades: Clade I (with subclades Ia and Ib) and Clade II (with subclades IIa and IIb). Clade I is associated with Central Africa, while Clade II is associated with West Africa.
The JYNNEOS vaccine, also known as MVA-BN, is a two-dose vaccine developed to protect against mpox and smallpox. The CDC and WHO recommend two doses of the vaccine to provide the best protection against mpox. The second dose should be administered four weeks after the first. However, the CDC acknowledges that the first dose of JYNNEOS does offer some protection against mpox.
The JYNNEOS vaccine is expected to protect against both clade I and clade II mpox. A study by the CDC in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a region with high clade I mpox transmission, showed that out of 1600 healthcare personnel who received two doses of JYNNEOS, only one reported a laboratory-confirmed infection. This indicates that the vaccine is highly effective in preventing clade I infections.
Furthermore, a UK study found that the JYNNEOS vaccine was 80% effective after two doses, providing durable protection for at least five years. While the focus has been on ensuring at-risk groups receive both doses, the first dose of JYNNEOS can still offer some initial protection against mpox. This is especially important in the context of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), where the vaccine should ideally be administered within four days of exposure to provide some protection against mpox.
In summary, while the full two-dose course of JYNNEOS is recommended for optimal protection against mpox, the first dose does offer some initial protection. This is supported by the available data and studies conducted by the CDC and other organizations.
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Two doses of the JYNNEOS vaccine are recommended for stronger protection
Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus. It has two distinct clades: Clade I (with subclades Ia and Ib) and Clade II (with subclades IIa and IIb). Clade I mpox is more transmissible and causes higher rates of severe disease and death compared to Clade II. While Clade IIb drove the recent global outbreak, there are growing outbreaks of Clade Ia and Ib in Central Africa, with Clade Ib also detected beyond the continent.
The JYNNEOS (also known as MVA-BN) vaccine is a 2-dose vaccine developed to protect against mpox and smallpox. It is approved in the US for mpox regardless of clade and is expected to protect against Clade I mpox. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that people with potential exposure risk to mpox receive two doses of the vaccine. The second dose should be administered four weeks after the first, and if this timeline is not feasible, it should be given as soon as possible.
The JYNNEOS vaccine provides strong protection against mpox. A UK study found that the vaccine was 80% effective after two doses, and a CDC study in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a region of high Clade I mpox transmission, showed only one reported infection among 1600 healthcare personnel who received two doses. Additionally, a comparative study showed that the JYNNEOS vaccine reduced infection risk in high-risk patients by 65% in 7 days and 79% by day 14.
While the first dose of the JYNNEOS vaccine offers some protection, two doses are recommended for stronger protection. It takes two weeks after the second dose to achieve maximum protection. The CDC does not recommend routine immunization against mpox for the general public, but certain groups with risk factors, such as gay and bisexual men, should consider completing the two-dose series.
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The JYNNEOS vaccine is approved in the US for mpox regardless of clade
Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus. It has two distinct clades: Clade I (with subclades Ia and Ib) and Clade II (with subclades IIa and IIb). The first reported human case of mpox was in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 1970, and since then, sporadic cases have been reported in central and east Africa (Clade I) and west Africa (Clade II).
In recent years, there have been growing concerns about a large outbreak of a more virulent form of mpox in central Africa and an increase in cases in the United States. This has prompted urgent recommendations for at-risk individuals, particularly gay and bisexual men, to get vaccinated with the JYNNEOS vaccine, also known as MVA-BN. The JYNNEOS vaccine is a 2-dose vaccine developed to protect against mpox and smallpox. It is approved in the United States for the prevention of mpox, regardless of the clade.
The CDC and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommend that individuals with potential exposure risk to mpox receive both doses of the JYNNEOS vaccine. The second dose should be administered four weeks after the first, and it takes two weeks after the second dose for the vaccine to provide maximum protection. While the first dose offers some protection, two doses are recommended for stronger protection. Unpublished data from a CDC study in the DRC showed that out of 1600 healthcare workers who received two doses of JYNNEOS, only one contracted a laboratory-confirmed mpox infection in an area with high clade I transmission.
Additionally, a United Kingdom study estimated the effectiveness of the JYNNEOS vaccine at 80% following the 2-dose primary series. This study further supports the long-term protection provided by the JYNNEOS vaccine, as it indicated that protection does not wane for at least five years. Therefore, booster doses are not recommended for the general population who received the vaccine during the clade II outbreak in 2022. However, certain laboratory workers and healthcare providers with potential exposure to high levels of the mpox virus may require booster doses due to their increased occupational risk.
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Frequently asked questions
The Jynneos vaccine is expected to provide protection against clade 1 mpox.
Clade 1 mpox is a more transmissible and severe version of mpox. It has mainly been reported in African nations, with a recent outbreak in Central Africa causing concern.
The Jynneos vaccine is a 2-dose vaccine developed to protect against mpox and smallpox. The second dose should be administered 4 weeks after the first, and it takes two weeks after the second dose for the vaccine to be most effective.
The CDC recommends that people with potential risk factors for mpox exposure receive the vaccine. This includes gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, as well as individuals with certain risk factors such as frequent sexual encounters or attendance at large public events in areas where mpox transmission is occurring.
If you have ever had keloid scars, it is recommended to request the vaccine be administered subcutaneously. The CDC also advises that individuals who have previously recovered from mpox do not need to receive the Jynneos vaccine doses at this time, as reinfection is very rare.
